![]() Since then, various areas of investigation that were traditionally part of philosophy have become separate academic disciplines, and namely the social sciences such as psychology, sociology, linguistics, and economics. In the 19th century, the growth of modern research universities led academic philosophy and other disciplines to professionalize and specialize. For example, Isaac Newton's 1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy later became classified as a book of physics. " Natural philosophy," which began as a discipline in ancient India and Ancient Greece, encompasses astronomy, medicine, and physics. Historically, philosophy encompassed all bodies of knowledge and a practitioner was known as a philosopher. Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation. 495 BCE), although this theory is disputed by some. ![]() Some sources claim the term was coined by Pythagoras ( c. Philosophy (from Greek: φιλοσοφία, philosophia, 'love of wisdom') is the processing of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language.
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